Reference value of lumbar spine bone mineral density and regional differences based on quantitative CT examination in healthy adult female in China / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective:To establish the normal reference value of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) under quantitative CT (QCT) in Chinese healthy adult females and to explore the regional differences.Methods:Total of 35 431 healthy women who met the inclusion criteria of Chinese health quantitative CT big data program were selected in this study. The BMD of the central plane of L 1 and L 2 vertebrae was measured by Mindways′s QCT system, and the mean value was taken. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the BMD differences of lumbar vertebrae in women of different ages and regions. The subjects were grouped by an age interval of 10 years, and the level of BMD in different regions of the same age group were compaired. Results:The peak BMD of Chinese healthy adult women appeared in the age group of 20-29 years (Northeast China(183.01±24.58) mg/cm 3, North China (188.93±24.80) mg/cm 3, East China (187.54±27.71) mg/cm 3, South China (186.22±33.72) mg/cm 3, Central China (176.33±24.91) mg/cm 3, Southwest China(182.25±28.00) mg/cm 3), and then it decreased with age. The level of BMD in different regions decreased with the age. Before the age of 70 years, BMD in Central and Southwest China was always at a low level((176.23±24.91) to (90.38±28.12) mg/cm 3, 182.25±28.00 to (88.55±25.68) mg/cm 3), lower than those in Northeast China ((183.01±24.58) to (99.69±27.85) mg/cm 3), North China ((188.93±24.80) to (95.89±26.12) mg/cm 3), East China ((187.54±27.71) to (95.65±27.86) mg/cm 3). After 70 years of age, BMD tended to be the same in different regions ( P>0.05). The BMD values in Central China and Southwest China were similar in the age group of 40-60 years ( P>0.05). The BMD values in the health adult femles in the age group of 60 years in different regions of Chinawere all lower than those of bone mass abnormality (all P<0.05). The detection rate of osteoporosis in females over 50 years was the highest in Southwest China (25.65%) and it was the lowest in North China (17.30%). Conclusions:This study establishes reference values of BMD under QCT in healthy Chinese women, which can be used as a reference basis for identifying women with low BMD who are at risk of osteoporosis. The BMD value is the lowest in Southwest China and the highest in South China.

Effects of Ultrashort Wave on Inflammatory of Acute Lung Injury and Related Signaling Pathway in Rats / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effects of ultrashort wave (USW) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced acute lung injury (ALI) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway in rats. Methods:Twenty-four three-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 8), ALI group (n = 8) and USW group (n = 8). The ALI and USW groups were instilled with LPS to induce ALI, and the USW group was treated with ultrashort wave 0, four and eight hours after instillation, 15 minutes a time. Twenty-four hours after instillation, the lung tissue of the rats was measured the wet/dry mass ratio (W/D), and observed under HE staining. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were detected with ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β in the lung tissue were detected with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Results:W/D increased in ALI group compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05), and it decreased in USW group without significance compared with that of ALI group (P > 0.05). Lung injury score increased in ALI group compared with that of the control group (P < 0.05), and it decreased in USW group compared with that of ALI group (P < 0.05); as well as the serum IL-1β and IL-18, and mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β. Conclusion:USW can alleviate the inflammatory of acute lung injury, which may associate with inhibiting of NLRP3 signaling pathway.

Comparison of the registration methods for the three-dimensional facial scans applied to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the registration accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) facial scans for the design of full-arch implant supported restoration by five methods and to explore the suitable registration method.@*METHODS@#According to the criteria, ten patients with maxillary edentulous jaw or end-stage dentition requiring implant supported restorations were enrolled in this study. A special rim with individual feature marks reflected appropriate occlusal relationship and esthetic characteristics was made for each patient. Both 3D facial scan data of natural laughter and with opener traction to expose the teeth or occlusal rim of each patient were acquired by facial scan and input to the digital analysis software Geomagic Qualify 2012. The dataset was superimposed by five different methods: seven facial anatomical landmark points alignment, facial immobile area alignment (forehead and nasal area), facial anatomical landmark points and immobile area combining alignment, facial feature points alignment, facial and intraoral feature points alignment with the same local coordinate system. The three-dimensional deviation of the same selected area was calculated, the smaller the deviation, the higher the registration accuracy. The 3D deviation was compared among the three registration methods of facial anatomical landmark points, facial immobile area alignment and the combination of the above two methods. Friedman test was performed to analyze the difference among the three methods (α=0.05). The effect of the aid of the facial and intraoral feature points were evaluated. Paired t test were performed to analyze the difference (P<0.05).@*RESULTS@#The average three-dimensional deviation of the selected area after alignment with the facial anatomical landmarks was (1.501 2±0.406 1) mm, significantly larger than that of the facial immobile area best-fit alignment [(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] and the combination of the two methods[(0.629 1±0.150 6) mm] (P < 0.001). The aid of the facial feature points could significantly reduce the deviation (t=1.001 3, P < 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference in the remaining groups.@*CONCLUSION@#The forehead area of the 3D facial scan can be exposed as much as possible. The establishment of facial characteristic landmark points and the use of the invariant area alignment can improve the accuracy of registration. It should be clinically feasible to apply three-dimensional facial scan to the design of full-arch implant supported restoration with the registration of the immobile area on the face especially the forehead area.

Oral hygiene maintenance of locator attachments implant overdentures in edentulous population: A longitudinal study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the oral hygiene status of edentulous patients with locator attachments implant overdentures (IOD) and to analyze the relationship among daily hygiene behavior, oral hygiene status and peri-implant diseases.@*METHODS@#Edentulous patients who received IOD treatment with locator attachments from January 2012 to May 2016 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted to assess the peri-implant tissue status. Modified plaque index (mPLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) were recorded and peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) was measured using paralleling projection technique. Patients' peri-implant oral hygiene maintainence habits were investigated. The correlation between peri-implant diseases and oral hygiene status and behaviors was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Fifty patients (125 implants) with an average follow-up time of 22 months (6-54 months) were enrolled. The mean values of mPLI, SBI, and GI were 1.4±1.2, 0.8±0.7, and 0.7± 0.6, respectively. Average PD was (2.2±0.7) mm. Mesial and distal maginal bone resorptions were (1.1±1.1) mm and (0.9±0.9) mm, respectively. The prevalance of mucositis and peri-implantitis of the implants were 49.6% and 0. The prevelance of mucositis in the patients with poor oral hygiene (mPLI≥2) was 11.9 times as much as that of those with adequate oral hygiene (mPLI<1). The patients who performed oral hygiene procedure on attachments at least twice a day achieved much lower mPLI scores than those who cleaned less than twice a day.@*CONCLUSION@#Oral hygiene condition in the group of patients with implant overdentures was poor, and it contributed to increased risk of peri-implant mucositis. The prevelance of musositis of the paitients with poor oral hygiene was 11.9 times as much as that of those with proper oral hygiene. Patients wearing IOD should pay more attention to the hygiene of the attachments.

Application of Problem-Based Learning Method in Teaching of Chinese Medicine Dermatology Based on Medical Records / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To explore the effects of problem-based learning (PBL) method on the efficiency of teaching of Chinese medicine dermatology based on medical records. Methods Undergraduate students who were in the same grade were divided into experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught with the PBL method based on medical records. Teachers selected medical records, combed knowledge points, designed questions and carried out teaching in response to questions. The control group was taught with traditional teaching method. The teaching efficiency of two groups was evaluated by using test scores and questionnaire survey. Results The scores of syndrome differentiation scores, medication scores, and the overall score of experimental group were better than those in the control group. Compared with the control group, learning initiative, ability to involve in the teaching and master knowledge, and ability of logical analysis and communication of experimental group were all improved remarkably. Conclusion PBL method based on medical cases is beneficial for the improvement of the level of diagnosing and treating skin diseases based on syndrome differentiation and ability of solving problem.

Evaluation of the fabrication deviation of a kind of milling digital implant surgical guides / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the deviation of digital implant surgical guides during fabrication process in the Organical Dental Implant (ODI) system.@*METHODS@#This study included two parts. The first part was the in vitro study. A resin block with a diagnostic template was used for the planning. After cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning, a surgical guide with eight implants was virtually designed using the ODI system. The guide was milled by a 5-axial numerical controlled milling machine, and an optical scanning was taken to digitalize the guide to a standard tessellation language (STL) form. The STL data were then imported into an ODI software and registered with the original design. The deviation of the sleeves between the design and the STL was measured in the ODI software and set as the golden standard. Then the ODI examination table was used to measure the deviation of the guide during fabrication. Examiners A and B measured 10 times separately. The reliability and the validity of the examination table was calculated. The second part was the in vivo study: The deviation during fabrication of 12 guides designed and fabricated by the ODI system were measured using the examination table.@*RESULTS@#The standard deviation of the deviation measured using the examination table by examiners A and B were all below 0.40 mm (for the shell reference points) and 0.71 degree (for the angles). No significant difference was found between the two examiners for any implant sites. The result of the examination table was larger than that of the software for the shell reference point (t-test, P<0.05), but no significant difference was found for the angle deviation (t-test, P>0.05). The 45 implants positions in the 12 guides for the in vivo study were examined using the examination table. The deviations at the shell reference points were (1.06±0.29) mm (0.42-1.75 mm), and at the implant tip were (1.12±0.48) mm (0.41-2.44 mm). The angle deviations were (1.42±0.70) degree (0.29-2.96 degree).@*CONCLUSION@#Deviation is unavoidable during the fabrication process of the guides. The examination table of the ODI system is a reliable and valid tool to measure the deviation during fabrication of the ODI guides. More studies should be designed to research the relationship between the fabrication deviation and the implant insertion deviation.

Effect of drug interaction on anticoagulant strength of warfarin / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM:To provide rational evidence for the administration of warfarin in clinic by investigating the utilization of warfarin in our hospital.METHODS:By retrospective analysis,the prescription of warfarin in our hospital was obtained from November 2016 to February 2017 from the system for clinical pharmacist.The general situation of the inpatient,the diagnosis of disease,the use of warfarin,and the combination of drugs and the number of International Normalized Ratio (INR) were statistically and descriptively analyzed.RESULTS:In this investigation,200 patients were included,of whom 53％ were males and 47％ were females with an average age of (55.28 ± 13.56) years.Only 21％ of the average INR values reached the predicted range (2 ＜ INR ＜ 3) during hospitalization and the average dose of warfarin was (2.62 ± 0.60)mg.In patients with INR ＜ 2,there were 66.92％ of patients combined with more than one kind of drugs,which decreased the effect of warfarin.In patients with INR ＞ 3,there were 80％ of patients combined with more than one kind of drugs,which increased the effect of warfarin.CONCLUSION:The rate of warfarin compliance is low and the warfarin-drug interactions exert a great influence on the patients whose INR value did not reach the predicted range.Thus,to keep the drug safety of patients,more attention should be paid on drug interactions and direct personalized medicine using professional knowledge of pharmacy.

Association of genetic variants in TOMM7 gene and gene environment interaction with type 2 diabetes in Chinese Dong population / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the association of 7 novel genetic loci identified in a recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with T2DM in Chinese Dong populations.@*METHODS@#A case-controlled study was performed in individuals of Chinese Dong nationality. The genotypes of PARD3B (rs849230), LOC729993 (rs149228), EPHA4 (rs16862811), HNT (rs3099797), PTPRD (rs17584499 and rs649891), TOMM7 (rs2240727) genes were determined by Multiplex PCR-SNaPshot. The independent association between each polymorphism and T2DM was assessed by unconditional binary logistic regression analysis. The gene-environment interaction was assessed by marginal structural linear odds model.@*RESULTS@#A total of 209 cases of T2DM and 209 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The polymorphism of rs2240727 in TOMM7 gene was associated with T2DM (OR=1.50, per copy of the risk T allele, P=0.004). In addition, CT (OR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.14-3.76) and TT (OR=2.75, 95% CI: 1.46-5.17) were risk genotypes for T2DM. After the correction for multiple test, the association remained significant (all P<0.05). After adjustment for the confounders of age, gender, and BMI, the association remained significant (P<0.05). The results of interaction analysis indicated that there were interaction between rs2240727 locus and BMI, WHR, hypertension and family history of diabetes. After adjustment for age and gender, the results of relative excess risk of interaction (RERI) were 1.5430 (95% CI: 0.5797-2.5062), 2.6520 (95% CI: 1.7516-3.5524), 2.9131 (95% CI: 1.7959-4.0303), 4.2062 (95% CI: 1.1686-8.2439), respectively (all P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The rs2240727 genetic variant in TOMM7 is associated with T2DM in Chinese Dong population. There is positive interaction between rs2240727 and BMI, WHR, hypertension as well as family history of diabetes.

Association between gene polymorphisms of seven newly identified loci and type 2 diabetes and the correlate quantitative traits in Chinese dong populations

There are much heterogeneity in the genetic variation of type 2 diabetes [T2D].The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of seven novel genetic loci identified in a recent genome-wide association studies [GWAS] with T2D in Chinese Dong populations. A case-controlled study was performed in individuals of Chinese Dong nationality. The genotypes of PARD3B [rs849230], LOC729993 [rs149228], EPHA4 [rs16862811], HNT [rs3099797], PTPRD [rs17584499 and rs649891], TOMM7 [rs2240727] genes were determined using Multiplex PCR-SNaPshot. The independent association between each polymorphism and T2D was assessed using unconditional binary logistic regression analysis [BLR]. A total of 136 cases of T2D and 136 control subjects were enrolled in the study. The polymorphism of rs2240727 in TOMM7 gene was associated with T2D [odds ratio [OR] = 1.65, per copy of the risk T allele, P = 0.004]. In addition, CT and TT were risk genotypes for T2D [OR [95% CIs]:2.64 [1.28- 5.45] and 3.42 [1.58- 7.41] respectively]. After correcting for multiple testing, the above results remained significant [all P < 0.05]. After adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, and BMI, the association between T2D and rs2240727 remained significant [P < 0.01]. There were significantly statistical difference in levels of fasting plasm glucose[FPG] among genotypes of rs2240727 in controls and patients, the levels of FPG were significantly higher in CT and TT genotypes than in CC genotype in both groups[all P < 0.05]. The rs2240727 genetic variant in TOMM7 was associated with T2D of Chinese Dong individuals, and might enhance the risk of T2D by affecting the level of FPG

Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on insulin secretion and gene expressions of PDX-1 and FoxO1 in RIN-n5f cells / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) on insulin secretion and gene expressions of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 ( PDX-1 ) and forkhead box-containing protein O-1 ( FoxO1 ),which were important transcription factors for insulin secretion.Methods Insulin secretion level in RIN-m5f cells was detected by rat insulin ELISA detection kit.The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 and FoxO1 in RIN-m5f cells were analyzed by real-time PCR.The protein expression of PDX-1 was measured by Western blot.Results Insulin secretion levels in RIN-m5f cells treated with repaglinide ( 10 nmol/L) plus NMN ( 100 μnol/L) was significantly higher than those in the blank control,the DMSO control group,and the NMN (50μmol/L) treated group (P ＜0.05 ).The mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells treated with NMN ( 10,50 and 100 μmol/L) for 36 h were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01,and P ＜ 0.001,respectively).There was marked differences in the mRNA expression levels of PDX-1 among different concentrations of NMN (P ＜0.001 ),but no significant differences in the mRNA expression level of FoxO1 ( P ＞ 0.05).No significant difference was found in the protein expression levels of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells treated by NMN (50,100,and 200 μmol/L) for 36 or 48 h compared with the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion NMN can stimulate insulin secretion and upregulate the mRNA expression of PDX-1 in RIN-m5f cells.

Effect of Pregnancy and Delivery on the Pelvic Floor Function / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To investigate the change of petvic floor function in the third trimester of pregnancy and early postpartum.Methods :46 pregnant women in the third trimester in our hosprtal from July to October 2007 were randomly selected.In late pregnancy, 6 ～8 weeks and 12 ～14 weeks after delivery, the incidenca of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and bladder neck mobility in different stage of puerperium was carried out.They were respectively given score, protectrve pad experiment, ultrasonic testing residual urine and peri-neum ultrasound examination.An anarysis on their.Results :The incidence of SUI that diagnosis by POP-Q or POP-Q combined with pat test was 47.83% ,39.13% respectively in late pregnancy group;21.74% ,15.22% in 6 ～8 weeks after delivery;17.24%.13.7g% in 12 ～14 weeks after delivery.The difference between late pregnancy group and 6～8 waeks after delivery group was statistical significance (P<0.05).There was no significantly difference between 6 ～8 weeks and 12 ～14 weeks after delivery groups(P>0.05).There was significant difference between 6 ～ 8 weeks and 12～14 weeks after delivery group while compared the bladder neck angle[(88.11± 13.36)° vs(82.17 ±10.28)°]with the bladder neck rotation angle[(21.67 ±10.64) ° vs (16.79±8.57) °].Conclusions :Pregnancy and delivery can damage the function of pelvic floor, which has certain rehabilitation after delivery.

Clinical application of Inoue-balloon in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for Budd-Chiari syndrome / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effect of recanalization of inferior vena cava with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)by Inoue-balloon. Methods Eighty-nine patients with Budd-chiari syndrome(BCS)were treated with PTA by Inoue-balloon. Results After PTA, the median(interquartile range)diameter of hepatic segment inferior vena cava increased from 0.00(0.20 ～ 0.00) cm to 1.90(2.00 ～ 1.47)cm; (P

Three-dimensional spheroid model for cultivating WB-F344 cells in simulated microgravity / 生物工程学报

Three-dimensional (3D) culture of cells could closely mimic the in vivo situation with regard to cell function and microenvironment compared with plane monolayer cultured cells. In this paper, we established 3D culture of rat WB-F344 cells with rotary cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity environment, and examined cells proliferation, morphology, microstructure, E-cadherin protein quantity and mRNA expression of adhesion molecules by count the number of cells, optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results demonstrated that cells were polyhedron with lots of micovilli and mitochondria, which grow well and packed together densely to form irregular aggregates. Adjacent cells were connected with desmosome and tight junction. With the regard, the aggregates behaved 3D growth characteristics. Moreover, compared with control, mRNA level of Fibronectin and E-cadherin protein were increased, the changes maybe is the part mechanism in this microgravity simulated cells culture models which strengthened cells junction. This rotating 3D model might facilitate the study of interactions of cell-cell, cell-matrix and the mechanisms.

Comparative analysis of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis by three methods / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To evaluate the effects of percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty ( PBPV) for pulmonary valve stenosis (PS) by single-balloon, double-balloon and Inoue-balloon methods. Methods: PBPV was performed in 42 patients with PS. The systolic right ventricular pressure (SRVP) , systolic right ventricular outflow pressure and systolic pulmonary arterial pressure ( SPAP) were contrasted before and after the procedure. Systolic transpulmonary valve pressure gradient (TVPG) and total pressure gradient from right ventricular to pulmonary arterial after the procedure were compared among the three gropes. Results:SRVP, SRVOP were decreased from (14. 69?6. 01 )kPa, (12. 16?3. 48)kPa to (8.14?5.26)kPa, (5.39?2.21)kPa and PAP increased from (1.57?0.56)cm to (17. 16? 2.16)cm after PBPV, respectively. TVPGs were (2. 40?2. 05) kPa, (3. 29?2. 25 ) kPa, (2.52? 1.95)kPa and TPGs were (2. 40?2. 05)kPa, (4.98?4.26)kPa, (6.16?6.93)kPa, (5.65?4.75) kPa after PBPV by single balloon, double balloon and Inoue balloon methods, respectively. During the follow-up period (2. 5?1. 6) years, bloodflow velocity at pulmonary valve measured by supersonic Doppler decreased from (2. 38?1. 89) m/s immediately after PBPV to (2.22?1. 96) m/s, further TVPG decreasing was indicated. Conclusion: The short and long term results of PBPV for PS by each of the three methods were excellent. Inoue balloon may be the first choice for elder children and adults, while for younger children, single balloon method may be preferred. Double balloon method can be remained as the second choice when Inoue method failed.

Percutaneous stent implantation for treatment of inferior vena cave obstruction / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To evaluate the effects of stent implantation for treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Methods:A total of 16 patients with pasthepatic inferior vena cave (IVC) obstruction syndrome were treated by balloon catheters ( Polythene and Inoue ) in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) , then stent were inserted into the obstruction. Results: The residual pressure gradient after PTA and stent implantation was decreased from (4.6?0. 3 ) kPa to (2. 1?0. 1) kPa. The diameter of IVC after PTA and stent implantation was increased from (3.8?1. 7)mm to (14. 9?2. 0)mm. Conclusion : PTA and stent implantation are effective treatment for pasthepatic inferior vena cave obstruction.

Study on the Compatible Stability of Ciprofloxacin Lactate Injection With Metronidazole in Glucose Injection / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the stability of mixture of ciprofloxacin injection and metronidazole in glucose injection at high temperature(50℃～70℃)and at room temperature((20?1)℃)storage METHODS:UV-spectrophotometry method was used for determining the contents of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole The changes in the content,pH value and appearance were observed by classical constant-temperature experiment and room temperature storage RESULTS:The linearity ranges for ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were 1 00～10 02?g/ml and 2 01～20 08?g/ml;the average recoveries were(101 30?4 28)% and(99 58?1 63)%,respectively The heat decomposition products at 70℃ for 8 hours did not interfere with the assay The relative contents of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole were more than 95% and there were no significant changes of the pH value and the color with accelerating experiment for 8 hours at 50℃～70℃ and for 120 hours at (20?1)℃ CONCLUSION:We found that admixture of ciprofloxacin with metronidazole in glucose solution was stable at high temperature for 8 hours and at room temperature for 120 hours Ciprofloxacin injection was compatible with metronidazole in glucose injection

Effects of tu-chung extract administrating on serum testosterone in hindlimb-suspended rats / 体力科学

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of Tu-Chung extract (Eucommia ulmoides OLIV.) administration on serum testosterone and the possible mechanisms in hindlimb- suspended rats. 25 five-week old male Wistar rats were used. All rats were randomly divided into two groups : those treated with Tu-Chung extract (Tu-Chung G, n=suspended for 37 days in hindlimb. 1 mg/ml Tu-Chung extract was administered orally once daily at a dose of 1 ml/100 g body weight. Distilled water was administered in a similar way to the control group. The following results were observed :<BR>1. Serum testosterone concentration in Tu-Chung G was significantly higher than in Cont. G (P<0.001) .<BR>2. There was no significant difference between Tu-Chung G and Cont. G in serum LB concentrations.<BR>3. The Testicular cAMP level in Tu-Chung G was significantly higher than that in Cont. G (P<0.01) .<BR>4. 24-h urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroid in Tu-Chung G was significantly higher than that in Cont. G (P<0.001) .<BR>5. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the weights per body weight of the kidneys, adrenal grand and testes. These results suggest that the adininstration of Tu-Chung extract inducing high serum testosterone concentrations in hindlimb-suspended rats might be due to enhanced testicular and adrenal functions, not pituitary.

THE ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS OF URTE AND GENERATION OF ALLANTOIN DURING EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE / 体力科学

Allantoin is one of the oxidation products of uric acid resulting from attack by oxygen free radicals. In this study we attempted to clarify the antioxidant effect of uric acid during exercise, and the influence of other antioxidants on urate <I>in vitro</I>. Seven healthy male subjects performed exhaustive (100%VO<SUB>2max</SUB>) and mild endurance (40%VO<SUB>2max</SUB>) cycling exercise, and serum uric acid and allantoin were measured before and up to 24 h after the exercise. Various radicals were added to uric acid, ascorbic acid and glutathione were mixed with phosphate buffer or fresh human serum, and changes in each of the antioxidants (protein sulfhydryl groups in serum were measured instead of glutathione in buffer) and allantoin were examined. The serum allantoin level increased immediately after exhaustive exercise and remained high for up to 2 h, while uric acid increased at 0.5 h and remained at a high level at 24 h during recovery. On the other hand, no significant changes in allantoin and uric acid were observed after mild endurance exercise. Superoxide anion radicals (O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) generated by a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XOD) system formed allantoin with decreasing levels of other antioxidants in buffer and serum, although uric acid was generated by this system. To determine the influence of uric acid newly produced by the HX-XOD system, different kind of antioxidants in buffer were used to examine allantoin generation. Allantoin was generated in the order uric acid only>no antioxidants>three kinds of antioxidants during 20 min of reaction. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated by the Fenton reaction also formed allantoin as other antioxidants decreased, while hydrogen peroxide did not oxidize uric acid to allantoin despite the fact that other antioxidants were consumed in the buffer and serum. These results suggest that O<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> and ·OH oxidize uric acid to allantoin during exhaustive exercise, whereas, ascorbic acid, glutathione and protein sulfhydryl groups inhibit allantoin generation. Moreover, uric acid previously present in the body may be used for radical scavenging more effectively than that newly generated by exhaustive exercise.

ANABOLIC EFFECTS OF TU-CHUNG EXTRACT / 体力科学

We evaluated the effect of Tu-Chung (<I>Eucommia ulmoides</I> OLIV.) extract on anabolic action in castrated exercise and non-exercise rats in which the effects of male sex hormone from the testis were excluded. Castration was performed on 32 male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks. The rats were then divided into 4 groups: a non-exercise group treated with Tu-Chung extract (non Ex. Tu-chung G, n = 8), on exercise group treated with the extract (Ex. Tu-Chung G, n = 8), a non-exercise control group not treated with the extract (non Ex. Cont. G, n8), = and an untreated exercise control group (Ex. Cont. G, n=8) .<BR>The Tu-Chung extract was administered orally at a dose of 1g/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Distilled water was given by a similar method to the control groups. As the exercise load, the rats exercised on an animal treadmill at a starting speed of 20 m/min with an increase of 10 m/min every week for 30 min without rest daily for 4 weeks.<BR>The following results were obtained:<BR>1. The relative weight of the adrenal gland (gland weight/100 g body weight ) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G or the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001 each) .<BR>2. The relative weight of the kidneys (kidney weight/100 g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and was slightly higher in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G.<BR>3. The relative weight of the musculus levator ani (muscle weight/100g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>4. The 17-KS level in a 24h urine sample after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G or the Ex. Tu-Chung G (p<0.001 each) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>5. The total urinary nitrogen level after 4 weeks was significantly lower in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) or the exercise group treated with the extract (p<0.05) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.05) .<BR>These results suggest that administration of Tu-Chung extract significantly increases the relative weight of the adrenal gland, enhances androgen secretion from the reticular layer of the adrenal cortex, and promotes protein anabolic action in castrated rats. In addition, this extract appears to increase the adaptation ability of the adrenal cortex to the stress caused by exercise.

Effects of administering Tu-Chung extract on the gonadal and adrenal system in rats during exercise / 体力科学

This study examined the secretion capacity of the gonadal and adrenal cortex systems and the morphology of the adrenal cortex in male rats treated with Tu-chung (Eucommia ulmoides O<SUB>LIV</SUB>) extract, the main component of Tu-chung extract, geniposide, or both agents during exercise load testing.<BR>Twenty-four 4-week-old male Wistar rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups : those treated with Tu-chung extract and geniposide (n=7), those treated with Tu-chung extract (n=6), those treated with geniposide (n=7) and a control group treated with distilled water. The dose of each agent was 0.1 ml/100g body weight. The agents were administered orally for 25 days. For the exercise load test, a treadmill for small animals was used, with a tilting angle set at 0. Exercise load testing was performed for 30 min (2-min warm up and 28-min running) daily for 25 days. The running speed was 20 m/min for the first 5 days, and then increased by 5 m/min every 5 days.<BR>The following results were obtained.<BR>1. The relative weight of the adrenal gland (gland weight/100 g body weight) in the group treated with Tu-chung extract and geniposide was significantly higher than that in the group treated with geniposide or the control group (p<0.01) . The relative weight of the adrenal gland in the group treated with Tu-chung extract was significantly higher than that in the group treated with geniposide or the control group (p<0.01, p<0.001) . Furthermore, the relative gland weight in the group treated with geniposide was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05) .<BR>2. In the group treated with Tu-chung extract and geniposide, the group treated with Tu-chung extract and the group treated with geniposide, the relative gland weight of the testis (testis weight/100g body weight) was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.001) . However, there were no significant differences among the three groups.<BR>3. The 24-h urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroid (17-KS) in the group treated with Tu-chung extract and geniposide was significantly higher than that in the group treated with Tu-chung extract, the group treated with geniposide or the control group (p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.001) . In the group treated with geniposide, the 24-h urinary excretion of 17-KS was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.05) .<BR>4. In the three groups treated with Tu-chung extract and/or geniposide, serum testosterone levels were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.001, p0.05, p<0.05) .<BR>5. Concerning the morphology of the adrenal cortex, the thickness of the reticular layer of the adrenal cortex was most markedly increased in the group treated with Tu-chung extract and geniposide, followed in order by the group treated with Tu-chung extract, the group treated with geniposide and the control group.<BR>Administration of Tu-chung extract and the main component of Tu-chung extract, geniposide, during exercise load testing significantly increased the weights of the adrenal gland and testis, and promoted testosterone secretion in the adrenal cortex reticular layer and testis.<BR>These findings suggest that geniposide plays an important role in the pharmacological action of Tu-chung.